Present Continuous

 ¿When to use present continuous?


It is used to describe actions that are being developed right now:

I am reading a book.
You are playing football.

present continuous structure
Formation of "present continuous": it is built with the present indicative of the verb "to be" in its role as auxiliary verb, and "present participle" (= gerund) the main verb.

Claim                             Denial                                 Question
I am eating                  I'm not eating                      Am I eating?
You are eating            You Are not eating              Are you eating?
He / she is eating       He / she Is not eating           Is he / she eating?
We Are eating              We aren't eating                 Are we eating?
You are eating              You Are not eating            Are you eating?
They Are eating               They are not eating           Are They eating?

i am eating hamburger?

L + a: yes, I am eating hamburger.
L-a: I am not eating hamburger
S + a: yes, i am.
S-a: no, i am.


popeye is smoking?

L + a: yes, smoking is popeye.
L-a: popeye is not smoking.
S + a: yes, is.
S-a: no, is.


They are drawing a picture?

L + a: yes, They are drawing a picture.
L + a: They are not drawing a picture.
S + a: yes, They are.
S + a: They are not.


I is winning the competition?.

L + a: yes, I is winning the competition
L + a: I is not winning the competition.
S + a: yes, I is.
S + a: I is not.


she is wearing the dummy?.

L + a: yes, she is wearing the dummy.
L + a: she is not wearing the dummy.
S + a: yes she is.
S + a: she is not.

Present Perfect

¿When to use present perfect?
Time Present Perfect is used to speak of actions begun in the past and still continue today. For example:

I Have been here since Monday.
To shape it, use the auxiliary HAVE, conjugated to the appropriate person (only changes for the third person singular), followed by the past participle, which is equal for everyone.

Look below BE verb conjugation.

TO BE
I Have Been
You have been
I've Been
She Has Been
It Has Been
We Have Been
You have been
They Have Been

present perfect structure:
  Subject + have / has + participle of main verb.
   I have (I've) work a lot today
negative
Subject + have / has + not + main verb in "past participle"
She Has Not Worked
question
Have / has + subject + participle +?
have I work?

example:

Have I heard the news?
l+a: yes,I have heard the news
l-a:no,I haven`t heard the news
s+a: yes, I have
s-a: no, I haven`t

Have we called the police?
l+a: yes, we have called the police
l-a: no, we haven`t called the police
s+a: yes, we have
s-a: no, we haven`t

Has he read that book?
l+a: yes, he has read that book
l-a: no, he hasn`t read that book
s+a: yes, he has
s-a: no, he hasn`t

Have they gone at europe?
l+a: yes, they have gone at europe
l-a: no, they haven`t gone at europe
s+a: yes, they have
s-a: no, they haven`t

Have I known her father ?
l+a: yes, I have known her father
l-a: no, I haven`t known her father
s+a: yes, I have
s-a: no, I haven`t

Relative Clauses

¿When to use relative clauses?

We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.

A relative clause  gives more information about the person or thing one is talking about. For example,

The girls who work at that shop are really friendly.

Does the bus that goes to the airport stop here?



Defining relative clauses.

Relative clauses provide specific information on the background so fundamental that are essential to the whole sentence makes sense.

Who: This is used when the antecedent refers to a person or persons. It may be a name or a pronoun example:
The man who is standing near the Doctor is the director.

That: is used when the antecedent is a thing or several. It is also used to refer to people such as:
That is not the story That Is Told in the book.

Which: Used to refer to things such as:
The ring she WAS wearing Which Belongs To Me

Whose: Express possession and can not be ignored, but never acts as a subject ejmplo:
The castle towers Whose appearsin Were this so old tale.

Where: It is also a relative adverb is used to refer to a time. That may be substituted or omitted simply example:
The day (when / that) While the price was very Snow met important to him.

Non-defining relative clauses:

Add additional information on the background, ie it is not necessary to understand the sentence. For that reason they always commas example:

My Friend Who lives in Italy, Became a doctor.

Their house, Which was quite expensive, Is not very big

Want + Infinitive / + Object + Infinitive Want

EXAMPLE:

They caught the man who / that spied for China.

I lost the map which / that she gave me.

 She complained to the man whose dog bit her.

Christmas Day is a day when people are happy.
 
We visited the house where our father was born.
 
Mata Hari, who was a famous female spy, was born in Holland.
Buckingham Palace, which is in London, is a favourite tourist site.

Tag Question

¿When  to use tag question?

 The tag is used to ask questions affirmation to a question.
If the sentence is positive, the tag question is negative.
If the sentence is negative, the tag question is positive example:

He is, isn`t he?

He does, doesn`t he?

He will, won`t he?

He can, can`t he?

Tag qiestion structure?
Tag Question no:

the verb TO BE:
Affirmative Prayer + verb to be + not + pronoun?

Other verbs:
Affirmative Prayer + negative auxiliary + pronoun?

Tag Question Positive:

the verb TO BE:
Veb Oraciion to be negative + + pronoun?

Other verbs:
Negative sentence + auxiliary + pronoun?
 
EXAMPLE:


you are a good singer, aren`t you? ( simple present)

We aren't late, are we? (simple present)

you didn`t go to work yesterday, did you? ( simple past)

It was cold yesterday, wasn't it? (simple past)

you have been to london, haven`t? (present perfect)
She hasn't eaten all the cake, has she? ( present perfect)

We're working tomorrow, aren't we? ( present continuous)
The bus isn't coming, is it? ( present continuous)

Zero Conditional

¿ When to use zero conditional?
  
we use the so called zero conditional when the result of the condition is always true, like a scientific fact.

estructura

IF + present simple, ---- present simple
If       it rains,                   i get wet
 
ejemplos:

If you freeze water, it turns into ice.

If I work too much, I get tired. 

If I have time, I usually go to the movies.

If she eats hamburgers, she gets an allergy.

If they come here, they always bring a present.

First Conditional

¿When to use first conditional?

we are talking about the future. we are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. there is a real possibility that this condition will happen. for example, it is morning. you are at home.

STRUCTURE

IF                       condition                    result
                          present simple             WILL base verb
IF                       it rains                         I will stay at home

EXAMPLE:

If there’s a good film on TV, I’ll watch it 

If you need a ticket, I can get you one


If you need a ticket, I’ll get you one 

If you need a ticket, I might be able to get you one

Second Conditional

¿ When to use second conditional?

Conditional use means that an action depends on another. Conditionals are used to discuss real or unreal. In general, conditional sentences have the word "if" (si).

Note that there is no conditional tense for English and in Spanish there. At the same time, use the auxiliary verbs "would" to form the conditional in English.
There are four types of conditional sentences and the use of one over another reflects the likelihood of action.

STRUCTURE:
IF         condition              result
            past simple            WOULD+base verb
IF         I won the lottery  I would buy a car

EXAMPLE:
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. 

If I were in Brazil, I would go to Rio de Janeiro.

If I were you, I would buy that car.

 If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this. 

If I had more money, I would buy a nice apartment.

Third Conditional

¿When to use third conditional?

Conditional 3 is used to talk about unreal situations in the past and imagined results.

STRUCTURE:

IF      condition                          result
          past perfect                    WOULD HAVE+ past participle
IF       I had won the lottery       I would have bought a car

EXAMPLE: 

if I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world. 

If I had seen him, I would have told him about you. 

If I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand. 

If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her. 

If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.